Eco-Friendly Lighting: Reducing Light Pollution in Cities

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Urban street lighting, while beneficial, is also an unintended pollutant causing hidden harm. Light pollution appears in several forms: skyglow, light trespass, glare, and over-illumination. 1

In 2003, Travis Longcore and Catherine Rich (The Urban Wildlands Group) introduced the term “ecological light pollution” to describe the adverse effects on nighttime ecosystems. Part of the problem lies in cool white LEDs – although energy efficient, their spectrum rich in blue light has raised concern.2

The complex problem of light pollution in cities requires a more nuanced approach than simply replacing lamps with LEDs to save energy. 
 

Aerial view of a city skyline glowing under bright streetlights at night

Migratory birds flying over a city skyline at dusk


More Than Ecology — A Challenge for Cities

Full-brightness nighttime lighting not only disrupts sleep and human circadian rhythms 3, but also increases the risk of insomnia, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, and other disorders.4 Epidemiological studies confirm a link between nighttime exposure to artificial light and health problems, including certain types of cancer. Laboratory data show that such light interferes with circadian and neuroendocrine physiology, accelerating tumor growth.1 The harm to the health of urban populations, while not immediate, is extensive — potentially leading to a significant increase in healthcare costs for governments.

Excessive nighttime lighting also disrupts the life processes of plants and animals, with particularly negative effects on migration.1 Research shows that light pollution alters behavior, feeding locations, and breeding cycles in insects, turtles, birds, and other species of wildlife. In cities, lights disorient birds: for example, every year in New York, around 10,000 migratory birds die or are injured by crashing into high-rise buildings, according to the New York City Audubon Society.

Maintaining a healthy circadian cycle is critically important for all living creatures, including humans — which calls for minimizing light at night.

Controller box for QULON C street lighting system


Eco-Friendly and Flexible Solutions

The type of LED used is key to reducing light pollution and saving energy. DarkSky International, a leading organization in night sky preservation, recommends using only warm-colored lighting sources for outdoor illumination. This includes low- and high-pressure sodium lamps, as well as LEDs with a low correlated color temperature (CCT).

Beyond lamp type, brightness control, motion sensors, and timers play a vital role in reducing lighting levels. The best ways to cut light pollution are simple: don’t shine brightly at night, and don’t use light when it’s not needed.

The most common method of street lighting control is group control, where lights in a specific zone are turned on or off simultaneously — ideal for residential areas. Lighting is regulated through sequential switching of magnetic starters connected to groups of luminaires. This provides basic flexibility, allowing, for instance, lights to be switched off on empty streets during hours of no traffic.

However, the QULON C controller takes control to a new level, offering independent phase control. This means that instead of managing entire groups, it is possible to configure lighting for individual phases or even specific fixtures. Such precision allows different lighting schemes for main and secondary roads or intersection directions, depending on the time of day or traffic patterns, providing fine-tuned lighting adjustment.

For major highways and busy streets, adaptive smart lighting is optimal. It adjusts burn time and brightness based on real-time traffic and other factors. Initially, luminaires operate in a dimmed mode, and when vehicles approach, controllers activate a few nearby lights, which dim again after passage. Modern luminaire controllers, such as the Wire LiTouch Node, provide per-lamp control and dimming, effectively combating over-illumination.

Conclusion

A Scalable System for Urban Wellbeing

Both group and individual methods can function within a single lighting control system, scalable to adapt as cities grow. A system that is easy to manage and supports multiple data transfer protocols, mounting options, and connector types can significantly reduce urban light pollution, creating better living conditions — and in addition, save 50–85% of electricity, depending on the chosen solution.

Reduced operational costs through precise control and advanced monitoring options strengthen the system’s long-term cost-efficiency. 💡🌃